The basic principles of the selection of lining materials mainly include improving the service life of the furnace, reducing costs, saving energy, and considering the performance requirements of the material such as refractance, high temperature structural strength, high temperature chemical stability, resistance to rapid heating and cooling, and volume stability at high temperatures.

Furnace lining is an important part of the furnace, and the choice of its material directly affects the performance and service life of the furnace. When choosing a lining material, the following principles need to be considered:

1. Refractoriness and high temperature structural strength: the lining material must have sufficient refractoriness to resist melting or softening under high temperature environment. At the same time, the high temperature structural strength is also a key factor to ensure that the material can still maintain sufficient strength at high temperatures to resist the pressure and impact force of the metal liquid and high temperature gas in the furnace.

2. High temperature chemical stability: the lining material should have good chemical stability, which can resist the erosion and corrosion of chemical media such as slag and gas in the furnace, and maintain the stability and durability of the material.

3. Rapid heat and cooling resistance: the lining material should have good rapid heat and cooling resistance to adapt to the rapid changes in temperature during the working process of the furnace and prevent material cracking or damage caused by thermal stress.

4. Volume stability at high temperatures: the material should maintain volume stability at high temperatures to avoid liner damage or furnace structure deformation due to volume changes.

5. Cost and energy efficiency: on the premise of meeting the above performance requirements, the cost and energy efficiency of materials should also be considered, and cost-effective materials should be selected to reduce furnace operating costs and improve energy efficiency.

6. Consider the working conditions and types of furnaces: different types of furnaces and different working conditions have different requirements for furnace lining materials. For example, resistance furnaces with continuous operation and resistance furnaces with periodic operation have different focuses on the selection of lining materials, the former pays more attention to the strengthening of insulation layer to reduce heat loss, and the latter needs to consider reducing the heat storage loss and furnace body mass of the lining.

In summary, the selection of furnace lining materials is a process that takes into account many factors, and it is necessary to optimize cost and energy efficiency under the premise of ensuring furnace performance and service life.