First, construction of refractory materials
1. Construction
Before construction, it is necessary to check the integrity and cleanliness of the mixing equipment, the vibrating tools of the transport vehicles and the parts to be poured: check the water-loss prevention measures of the formwork, the surrounding refractory bricks and the heat insulation layer; Check equipment rust removal, anchor, anchor brick form, size, layout, welding quality and metal anchor expansion compensation measures; Check whether the quality of castable and construction water meet the requirements. In addition, during the construction of castable, it is necessary to avoid power failure and not interrupt the construction.
Among them, the template for castable construction is made of non-absorbent materials. If using wooden formwork, brush waterproof coating to prevent castable water loss. After the loss of water, the fluidity of the castable is reduced, and it is difficult to clear the bubble and vibrate compactness. The steel formwork should be coated with release agent to prevent the formwork from sticking to the castable. When re-using, the template should be cleaned first, then brushed with oil, and then used.
Step 2 Stir
① A forced mixer should be used for mixing. The mixer should be cleaned in advance and washed with water, and should not be mixed with lime, sand, Portland cement and other debris. If the phosphate bonded amorphous material is stirred, the equipment must be thoroughly cleaned before it can be used to stir cement bonded castables.
② According to the size of the mixer specifications and construction conditions, the mixing amount should not exceed 200kg each time. In the case of specified water consumption, the mix castable must achieve sufficient flow.
③ Pour each component of castable into the blender, dry mix for 3min, and then add clean tap water. When adding water, first add 90% of the reference added water of castable, and then slowly add the remaining water to make the slurry flow meet the requirements, and the wet mixing time shall not be less than 5min. Castable must be used in whole canister and bag. The stirred castable should be poured quickly and must be used within 30 minutes from the time water is added. The wet material that has been initially coagulated shall not be reluctantly formed, and shall not be reused by mixing water again and must be discarded.
3. Vibration
① The model should be strict and prevent leakage. The castable poured into the mold frame should be stratified with a vibrator as soon as possible, and the thickness of each layer should not exceed 300mm, and the vibration spacing should be about 250mm. Do not repeat the vibration of the parts that have been shaken to avoid segregation. When vibrating, avoid touching the anchor parts, do not damage the heat insulation layer, after the surface of the castable slurry, most of the bubbles are discharged, the vibrator slowly extracted.
③ Pouring should be carried out continuously. Before the initial solidification of the front - layer castable, the construction of the back - layer castable should be carried out in time. If the construction interval exceeds the initial setting time, it shall be treated according to the requirements of the construction joint.
Step 4: Maintenance
① For cement-bound castable, after the castable surface is dry, immediately cover the part exposed to the air with plastic or straw bags. However, chemically bound castables do not need to be covered.
③ The curing temperature of refractory castable should be between 10 and 35°C. If the temperature is too high, the hydration product will be transformed into C3AH6, which may lead to a decrease in strength. If the temperature is too low, the hardening will be delayed.
5. Special construction
During the construction, the castable should be stored in a cool place in advance, the construction should be arranged in the morning and evening, and the water temperature and material temperature should be controlled below 30°C. After pouring, timely cover and frequently sprinkle water to cool down.

During the construction of the day, the castable should be stored in a heated room in advance and mixed with hot water to keep the temperature of the mix above 10°C and the lining temperature above 5°C. If these conditions cannot be met, the working environment must be closed, windproofed, heated and insulated until it meets the construction requirements. Ask castable during hardening and curing... There can be no frost.

Second, the application of ramming material construction
Before construction, it is necessary to carefully check whether the construction tools such as molds meet the requirements of use, and whether the rust removal of the equipment, the welding and installation of the tortoise shell mesh and anchoring nails are qualified. When everything is ready, please refer to the following construction methods for construction.
Step 1 Stir
A forced mixer should be used to mix, the mixer should be cleaned in advance and washed with water, and should not be mixed with lime, sand, Portland cement and other debris.
② According to the size of the mixer specifications and construction conditions, the amount of each mixing should not exceed 100kg.
③ Pour each component of the ramming material into the blender, dry mix for 3min, and then add the liquid binder of the reference amount, and the wet mixing time shall not be less than 5min until the mixing material reaches the construction level.
④ The stirred ramming material must be used within 15min.
⑤ The wet material that has been initially coagulated must be discarded and must not be stirred with liquid binder for repeated use.
⑥ The construction environment temperature should be between 10 and 30°C. When the temperature of the material and the ambient temperature of the application site is too low or too high, appropriate measures should be taken.
2. Apply or mash
① During construction, use a wooden mallet or rubber mallet to beat the compaction. When applying or ramming, the lining thickness should be checked at any time, requiring uniform thickness and smooth surface. Use a spatula to smooth the surface. Do not brush the surface with water, cement or dry cement.
② Lining construction with tortoiseshell mesh structure, each time filling the tortoiseshell mesh lining area should not be too large, should be filled hole by hole compaction, so that the lining surface and tortoiseshell mesh level. When the construction is interrupted, the residual materials in the turtle shell net in the non-construction part should be cleaned up.
③ Expansion joints are set according to construction requirements, and the expansion joints are filled with refractory fibers.
Step 3: Maintenance
① After the completion of construction, natural maintenance at room temperature for 3 days, water is strictly prohibited.
② The maintenance environment temperature should be above 20°C. When the ambient temperature is lower than 20°C, the maintenance time should be extended appropriately or other corresponding measures should be taken depending on the hardening situation.
Step 4 Bake
① should be baked in accordance with the relevant temperature curve to avoid rapid temperature rise, otherwise it will cause internal damage or burst.
When the curing temperature is too low, the low temperature baking time should be extended and the heating rate should be slowed down.
③ Proper ventilation must be maintained during baking to facilitate moisture removal.
④ In the oven process, if there is a cooling, do not speed up the heating catch up.
Third, kiln baking
In the kiln process, the principle of "slow heating, no turning back" should be followed, that is, the principle of slow heating and no cooling, in order to prevent lining damage and improve the life of the kiln lining. During the kiln lining period, the kiln body is rotated from intermittent to continuous, from low speed to normal speed, which can not only maintain the uniformity of the surface temperature of the kiln lining, but also avoid the deformation of the kiln body.